Copyright & License

Frontiers in Business and Finance (FBF) respects authors’ intellectual property rights and supports the wide dissemination of scholarly research.

Authors retain full copyright ownership of their published articles. By publishing with FBF, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish, distribute, archive, and preserve their work in digital formats.

Author Rights Include:

• Retaining ownership of their intellectual contributions
• Reusing their work in future publications and research projects
• Using articles for educational and academic purposes
• Depositing published articles in institutional or subject-based repositories
• Sharing their research through personal and professional platforms

License:
All published articles in Frontiers in Business and Finance (FBF) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

This license allows users to copy, share, adapt, and redistribute published content for any lawful purpose, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and the journal.

The applicable CC BY 4.0 license information is displayed on each article page to ensure transparency and compliance with open access publishing standards.

This policy protects authors’ rights while promoting ethical, transparent, and responsible scholarly communication.